The books of first and second Samuel were originally one book. The Septuagint translation of the Old Testament artificially divides the book with the history of David. The book of first Samuel describes the transition of leadership in Israel from judges to kings. There are three prominent characters included in the first book: Samuel, who is the last judge of Israel and the first prophet; Saul, who is the first king of Israel ; and David, who is anointed king but not yet recognized.

The author of the books of Samuel are not specifically known, however, the ancient view is that Samuel wrote the first twenty four chapters and the balance of the book was written by Nathan and Gad.

Leading Events:

•  Birth and dedication of Samuel – 1:1 .

•  Failure of Eli as judge and parent – 2:12-36 .

•  Samuel's call – Chap.3 .

•  Capture and return of the Ark of the Covenant – Chap. 4-6 .

•  Samuel's prayer defeats the Philistines – Chap.7 .

•  Israel clamors for a king – Chap.8 .

•  Saul chosen and anointed – Chap.9-10 .

•  Saul's first battle – Chap.11 .

•  Samuel warns people of the price of their choice (king and kingdom) – Chap.12 .

•  Saul's self will and Samuel's prophecy – Chap.13 .

•  Jonathan's deliverance of Israel – 14:1-16 .

•  Obedience better than sacrifice – 15:1-23 .

•  David anointed king – Chap.16 .

•  David slays Goliath – Chap.17 .

•  Friendship of David and Jonathan – Chap.18 .

•  Saul persecutes David – 18:9-27:4 .

•  Saul's last year and suicide – Chap. 26-31 .

 

Samuel's name has been translated in various different versions, “The name of God”; “His name is God”; “Heard of God”; “Asked of God”. Prayer was the dominating element in the life of Samuel and stands as a pattern to follow to this day.

For the Christian, as in all of our Old Testament reading, there is much to learn from the book of Samuel that serves as warning, instruction, and encouragement ( Romans 15:4 ; I Corinthians 10:11 ). Keep in mind as you read I Samuel, the transition from the judges and God as their Supreme Ruler, to their efforts to become like the other nations. This would mark the beginning of the fulfillment of the prophecies of Moses, concerning their departure from God and projected promised punishment. It stands as a memorial to all Christians today who depart from the given properties of the Gospel and Christ's church!

Good Reading !